LaFond (2002) explains that Westie Jaw or Lion Jaw, or given its medical term, craniomandibular osteopathy, is a condition that affects the bones in the jaw and ear of certain breeds of dogs. It is characterized by thickening of the jawbone leading to excessive bone growth or abnormal bone growth, which can cause pain and difficulty opening the mouth. In some cases, the jaw may become locked in an open or closed position. Research suggests that it is an inherited disease. The condition is found in small terrier breeds such as Scottish, West Highland White (Westie), and Cairn terriers, but it has also been reported in other breeds. However, on a positive note, with proper treatment, affected dogs usually do well and have a good prognosis.
When does Westie Jaw start and what should I look out for?
Symptoms of craniomandibular osteopathy usually appear when the dog is between 4 and 7 months old and clinical signs may include fever, difficulty eating, drooling, and swelling of the face around the jaw. Other signs may include thickening of the jaw bones, loss of teeth, and a clicking sound when the mouth opens.
To spot this condition, you should examine your pup often. Carefully look at their lower jaw and pay special attention to the back portion where their molars are located. You may be able to feel an abnormal ridge right there that runs along the lower jawline and into their molars if your puppy has this condition.
What is the treatment for Westie Jaw?
X-rays
The first step in treating craniomandibular osteopathy is to have your small dog examined by a veterinarian. They will likely recommend X-rays to confirm the diagnosis and to monitor the progression of the condition.
Medication
The treatment for Westie Jaw is based on controlling pain and reducing inflammation. This can include a combination of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and antibiotics, depending on your pup’s individual needs. Surgery may be needed in some cases.
Dietary
Your veterinarian may also recommend a special diet to help reduce inflammation and pain. This can include foods with omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties, as well as lean proteins and other essential nutrients.
Stress-free
In addition to medical treatment, you should be sure that your pup does not overexert himself or get too stressed out. Keeping his environment as calm and stress-free as possible will be beneficial for managing this condition.
By following the recommendations of your veterinarian and making sure your pup gets plenty of rest, there is a good chance that he will make a full recovery. With proper treatment and care, most pups with Westie Jaw do well. However, some dogs do not fully recover from Westie Jaw and may experience recurring episodes of pain and inflammation.
What happens if Westie Jaw is left untreated?
If craniomandibular osteopathy is not treated, the condition can become worse over time and may lead to permanent damage to the jaw bones and ear structures. Additionally, affected dogs can have difficulty eating and drinking due to the pain and swelling associated with the condition. As a result, they may become malnourished or dehydrated if left untreated.
The severity of the condition and how fast it progresses can vary among affected dogs. The cause of craniomandibular osteopathy is not fully understood, but it is thought that both genetic and environmental factors may be involved.
Surgery is only recommended if the condition is severe and causing significant pain or difficulty eating.
With early detection and proper treatment, most of these little dogs can live a normal life with this condition. The prognosis for craniomandibular osteopathy depends on the severity of the condition, how early it is diagnosed, and how well the treatments are managed. It is important to make sure that affected dogs receive adequate nutrition and exercise to help manage the condition. With proper care, most of these small dogs with craniomandibular osteopathy can lead a normal life.
It is also important to work closely with your veterinarian to monitor the dog’s condition, as complications such as secondary infection or anemia can arise. It is also important to keep an eye out for any signs of pain or difficulty when your little dog is eating, as these can be warning signs that the condition is progressing. If you have a pet that has been diagnosed with craniomandibular osteopathy, it is important to provide them with lots of love and care so they can live a comfortable and happy life.
Can I do anything in advance?
To help prevent the condition from occurring, it is important to only purchase puppies from reputable breeders of West Highland White Terriers who are knowledgeable about craniomandibular osteopathy and who screen their breeding stock for the condition as this is an inherited disease. If you have any questions or concerns about craniomandibular osteopathy, talk to your veterinarian as soon as possible.
However, to re-emphasise, with proper care and management, affected dogs can live a comfortable and fulfilling life with this condition.
References
LaFond, E., et al. (2002). “Craniomandibular Osteopathy in Dogs: 35 Cases (1995-2001).” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 220(6), pp. 813-817.